Apprehension and Existence, Appearance and Reality: The Reception of Nafs al-amr Debates after the 13th Century

The structure of human cognition and the means apprehension is suitable only for partly gradually conceiving reality. This limitation has led to a certain distance between appearance that there will always be gap judgments mind about external world its contents, which are entities, cases, facts, states. partiality partiteness understanding produced truth-maker problem with regard judgments. Muslim scholars who admit correlation reality categories but reject notion construction determination by refer realm independent mind’s personal as nafs al-amr. concerned all degrees reality, namely—from existent non-existent, from necessity contingency impossibility, absolute relative, material non-physical, mental, real entities abstracted ones—which step into shot or not. Carrying concept al-amr logical plane metaphysical intersects epistemology ontology debates pave way various treatments. In particular, Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī’s (d. 672/1274) epistle posited it cosmic sphere resulted in criticisms this conception al-amr, these same ones directed Avicennian theory emanation epistemological implications. Scholars use free any presumption implication argue against his leap sphere. During following period, tension occasioned approaches i.e., spheres, spiritual realms, divine realms. work aims create map treatments, arguments problems